2011-11-2 16:40
在瓦茨的印刷所中我结识了一个聪明的年轻人,一个叫做华盖特的人。他有有钱的亲友,所以他比大多数的印刷工人有教养。他的拉丁文还过得去,会说法语,酷爱读书。我教了他和他的一个朋友游泳,下水两次,不久他们成为很好的游泳家了。他把我介绍给一些从乡下来的乡绅们,他们从夏尔西坐船去参观学院和沙特罗先生的珍藏。在我们归途中,华盖特讲到我的游泳术,引起了大家的好奇心,因此应了大家的请求,我剥去了衣服,跳入河中,一直从夏尔西泅到勃莱克佛里雅的地方,一路上玩着各式各样水上的或水中的花样,他们从未见过这种把戏,感到又惊又喜。
我从童年起就一直爱好这种运动,曾经钻研和实习过佘夫诺的一切动作和姿势,加上一些我自己的心得,其目的在于使得姿势既要优美舒适又要有效。这一切我乘机都表演给大家看了,他们的羡慕和赞赏使我感到很高兴。华盖特原想成为一个游泳专家,同时因为我们研究的学科相似,他渐渐地越来越跟我亲热了。他最后提议我们一同到全欧旅行去,在各地靠着做印刷工作来维持我们的生活。有一度我倒曾经颇有此意,但是我跟我的好友田纳先生提到此事,因为当我有空时,我常去跟他聊上点把钟的工夫,他劝阻了我,劝我只考虑回到费城去。这时候,他自己也快回去了。
我要记载这个好人性格中的一个特点。他过去曾经在不列斯多经商,但是亏了本,欠了许多人债,无力还清,只好赔偿了一部分债款了事,以后他到美洲去了。在那里,他专心一意地经商,在几年之内竟积蓄了一笔巨大财产。跟我同船回到了英国以后,他请了他旧日的债主来吃饭,感谢他们过去对他债款的宽大处理,这时候客人们只以为他款待他们,别无期待,但是当他们一移动碗盘时,发现在各人的盘子下面放着一张支票,除了全部未付清的余数外,还有利息。
这时候他告诉我他快要回到费城去了,为了在费城开设一家商号,他要带回去大量物资。他提议雇用我为店员,替他记账,他会教我簿记,替他抄写信件和照料铺子。他说等到我熟悉了业务以后,他会提升我,派我带一船面粉和面包到西印度群岛去,并且使我从其他方面得到佣金,获利甚厚。假如我经营得法,我会发财致富。这事正中我意,因为我对伦敦已感到厌倦,愉快地回忆昔日在宾夕法尼亚所过的快乐的岁月,就想旧地重游,因此我就立即接受了这一职位,年薪五十镑,宾夕法尼亚币,比我当时排字工的工资确是少了,但是较有前途。
这时我就离开了印刷业,当时我还以为是永远离开哩!我每日从事于新的工作,随着田纳先生到商店里去买各种商品,监督包装,出外办事,催促工匠完工等等,当一切都送上船以后,我就有几天空闲时间。就在这样空闲的一天,出乎我意料之外,我接到一位显要人物的召唤,一个威廉·温特摩爵士,我以前只知其名,从未见过。我去拜访了。他不知怎样听说我曾经从夏尔西泅到勃莱克佛里雅的地方,曾经在几小时内教会了华盖特和另外一个年轻人游泳。他有两个儿子,即将到远方旅行去,他要他们首先学会游泳,提议假如我同意教他们的话,他愿出重金酬劳我。这时候他的两个儿子不在伦敦,我在伦敦能逗留多久也不能断定,因此我不能答应下来。但是从这件事我想到:假如我留在英国开办一个游泳训练班的话,我可能赚一笔大钱。这一印象是如此的深刻,假如他的提议早来几天的话,也许我不会那么早就回到美洲来。多年以后,我曾经跟威廉·温特摩爵士两个儿子中的一个接洽过更重大的事情。那时他已是爱葛雷孟伯爵,这事我以后在适当的地方还要提到。
这样我在伦敦度过了约一年半的时光。大多数的时候我辛勤地在我的本行工作,除了看戏买书以外,我自奉甚俭,我的朋友雷夫使我贫穷,他欠了我大约二十七镑,现在我毫无希望收回这笔欠款了。在我微薄的收入中,这是多么大的一笔款项呀!尽管如此,我还是爱他,因为他有许多讨人喜欢的地方,虽然我并不能因他而致富。在伦敦我结识了一些聪明的朋友,跟他们交谈使我得益不少。同时我也阅读了不少书籍。
我们在一七二六年七月二十三日从克莱武生启程,你要知道航程中发生的事件,请看我的日记,在那里我都详细地记载了。在那日记里所能找到的最重要的部分或许是那个关于指导我未来一生行动的方案,这是我在海上时规划的。当我作出这个方案时,我还那么年轻,而一生中直到晚年我是非常忠实地坚守这个方案,因此它更是显得值得注意了。
我们在十月十一日在费城登陆,城里有了许多改变,基夫不再是州长了,接替他的是柯登少校。我看见基夫像一个普通市民那样地在街上行走,看见我时他好像有点羞愧,一声不响地过去了。在接到我的信后,李得小姐的亲友们有充分理由以为我是不会回来的了,他们就劝她跟另外一个人(一个叫劳吉斯的陶工)结婚。这样在我出洋期间,他们结了婚。假如不然的话,我看见她时也会像基夫那样地感到惭愧哩!但是,婚后她总是不快乐,不久就跟他分手了,她拒绝跟他同居,或是用他的姓氏,因为这时有人说他另有妻室。他是一个生性卑劣的人,虽然他的手艺很高明,她亲友们就是贪图他这一点。他负了债在一七二七或二八年跑到西印度群岛去了,以后就死在那里。凯谋的铺子扩大了,又开了一家大的文具铺,添了许多新的铅字,而且有了许多帮手。虽然这些职工的技术并不高明。他的生意倒好像很兴隆。
田纳先生在水街租赁了一个店址,在那里我们把我们的商品陈列出来,我勤勉地照料生意,学习记账,不久就学会了做买卖。我们在一起膳宿,他像父亲一般地教导我,因为他真心诚意地重视我,我尊敬他,爱戴他,我们原可以很快乐地合作下去。但是,在一七二七年的二月原文是一七二六年的二月,但他们是一七二六年七月启程赴美,一七二六年十月到达费城的,则患病当在一七二七年,而不可能是一七二六年,因此译成一七二七年。——译者当我刚过了二十一岁的生日时,我们两人都得了病。我得了肋膜炎,几乎丧了命,我经受了极大的痛苦,我想我活不成了,而当我发现我自己逐渐恢复时,我倒反而有点失望了,因为我有点懊悔今后迟早还得重新再忍受死亡的痛苦。我现在不记得他得了什么病,他病了很长的一个时期,最后还是死了。在他的口头遗嘱里他留给我一笔小小的遗产,表示他对我的友情。但他使我再一次流浪失业,因为那铺子由他的遗嘱执行人接管去了,这样我在他铺子里的工作就结束了。
At Watts's printing-house I contracted an acquaintance with an ingenious young man, one Wygate, who, having wealthy relations, had been better educated than most printers; was a tolerable Latinist, spoke French, and lov'd reading. I taught him and a friend of his to swim at twice going into the river, and they soon became good swimmers. They introduc'd me to some gentlemen from the country, who went to Chelsea by water to see the College and Don Saltero's curiosities. In our return, at the request of the company, whose curiosity Wygate had excited, I stripped and leaped into the river, and swam from near Chelsea to Blackfryar's, performing on the way many feats of activity, both upon and under water, that surpris'd and pleas'd those to whom they were novelties.
I had from a child been ever delighted with this exercise, had studied and practis'd all Thevenot's motions and positions, added some of my own, aiming at the graceful and easy as well as the useful. All these I took this occasion of exhibiting to the company, and was much flatter'd by their admiration; and Wygate, who was desirous of becoming a master, grew more and more attach'd to me on that account, as well as from the similarity of our studies. He at length proposed to me travelling all over Europe together, supporting ourselves everywhere by working at our business. I was once inclined to it; but, mentioning it to my good friend Mr. Denham, with whom I often spent an hour when I had leisure, he dissuaded me from it, advising me to think only of returning to Pennsilvania, which he was now about to do.
I must record one trait of this good man's character. He had formerly been in business at Bristol, but failed in debt to a number of people, compounded and went to America. There, by a close application to business as a merchant, he acquir'd a plentiful fortune in a few years. Returning to England in the ship with me, he invited his old creditors to an entertainment, at which he thank'd them for the easy composition they had favored him with, and, when they expected nothing but the treat, every man at the first remove found under his plate an order on a banker for the full amount of the unpaid remainder with interest.
He now told me he was about to return to Philadelphia, and should carry over a great quantity of goods in order to open a store there. He propos'd to take me over as his clerk, to keep his books, in which he would instruct me, copy his letters, and attend the store. He added that, as soon as I should be acquainted with mercantile business, he would promote me by sending me with a cargo of flour and bread, etc., to the West Indies, and procure me commissions from others which would be profitable; and, if I manag'd well, would establish me handsomely. The thing pleas'd me; for I was grown tired of London, remembered with pleasure the happy months I had spent in Pennsylvania, and wish'd again to see it; therefore I immediately agreed on the terms of fifty pounds a year, Pennsylvania money; less, indeed, than my present gettings as a compositor, but affording a better prospect.
I now took leave of printing, as I thought, for ever, and was daily employed in my new business, going about with Mr. Denham among the tradesmen to purchase various articles, and seeing them pack'd up, doing errands, calling upon workmen to dispatch, etc.; and, when all was on board, I had a few days' leisure. On one of these days, I was, to my surprise, sent for by a great man I knew only by name, a Sir William Wyndham, and I waited upon him. He had heard by some means or other of my swimming from Chelsea to Blackfriar's, and of my teaching Wygate and another young man to swim in a few hours.
He had two sons, about to set out on their travels; he wish'd to have them first taught swimming, and proposed to gratify me handsomely if I would teach them. They were not yet come to town, and my stay was uncertain, so I could not undertake it; but, from this incident, I thought it likely that, if I were to remain in England and open a swimming-school, I might get a good deal of money; and it struck me so strongly, that, had the overture been sooner made me, probably I should not so soon have returned to America. After many years, you and I had something of more importance to do with one of these sons of Sir William Wyndham, become Earl of Egremont, which I shall mention in its place.
Thus I spent about eighteen months in London; most part of the time I work'd hard at my business, and spent but little upon myself except in seeing plays and in books. My friend Ralph had kept me poor; he owed me about twenty-seven pounds, which I was now never likely to receive; a great sum out of my small earnings! I lov'd him, notwithstanding, for he had many amiable qualities. I had by no means improv'd my fortune; but I had picked up some very ingenious acquaintance, whose conversation was of great advantage to me; and I had read considerably.
We sail'd from Gravesend on the 23d of July, 1726. For the incidents of the voyage, I refer you to my journal, where you will find them all minutely related. Perhaps the most important part of that journal is the plan to be found in it, which I formed at sea, for regulating my future conduct in life. It is the more remarkable, as being formed when I was so young, and yet being pretty faithfully adhered to quite thro' to old age.
We landed in Philadelphia on the 11th of October, where I found sundry alterations. Keith was no longer governor, being superseded by Major Gordon. I met him walking the streets as a common citizen. He seem'd a little asham'd at seeing me, but pass'd without saying anything. I should have been as much asham'd at seeing Miss Read, had not her friends, despairing with reason of my return after the receipt of my letter, persuaded her to marry another, one Rogers, a potter, which was done in my absence. With him, however, she was never happy, and soon parted from him, refusing to cohabit with him or bear his name, it being now said that he bad another wife. He was a worthless fellow, tho' an excellent workman, which was the temptation to her friends. He got into debt, ran away in 1727 or 1728, went to the West Indies, and died there. Keimer had got a better house, a shop well supply'd with stationery, plenty of new types, a number of hands, tho' none good, and seem'd to have a great deal of business.
Mr. Denham took a store in Water-street, where we open'd our goods; I attended the business diligently, studied accounts, and grew, in a little time, expert at selling. We lodg'd and, boarded together; he counsell'd me as a father, having a sincere regard for me. I respected and lov'd him, and we might have gone on together very happy; but, in the beginning of February, 1726-7, when I had just pass'd my twenty-first year, we both were taken ill. My distemper was a pleurisy, which very nearly carried me off. I suffered a good deal, gave up the point in my own mind, and was rather disappointed when I found myself recovering, regretting, in some degree, that I must now, some time or other, have all that disagreeable work to do over again. I forget what his distemper was; it held him a long time, and at length carried him off. He left me a small legacy in a nuncupative will, as a token of his kindness for me, and he left me once more to the wide world; for the store was taken into the care of his executors, and my employment under him ended.